Pythagoras (c.582-c.507 BC)
Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher from Samos who founded
the Pythagorean School in Crotona. Not much is known of his actual findings
because all his students attributed all their work to Pythagoras whom they
ranked among the gods. His school became somewhat of a secret society and was
extremely exclusive. Pythagoras and his students are best 
known for transmigration of souls and the theory that
numbers constitute all things in nature. Transmigration of souls is the belief
that one soul passes from one entity to another (also known as reincarnation).
Pythagoras believed everything could be expressed as numbers. Pythagoras and
his followers were revolutionary thinkers of the time. The word
“philosophy” was first attributed to Pythagoras. He made many
advancements in the fields of mathematics, geometry, astronomy and medicine. He
was one of the first to teach that the world is spherical in shape.
Contributions:
Pythagorus is
commonly known for his Pythagorean theorem which finds the hypotenuse of a
right triangle.
He
also recognized the numerical relationships of revolution in the planets, sun
and stars. He called these relationships the music of the spheres. Keplar would
use this same principle to formulate his model for the solar system.